Description
AHK-Cu is a specialized copper-complexed tripeptide. It is a high-affinity metal-peptide complex where the copper (II) ion is chelated by the peptide ligand L-Alanyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine. This specific sequence is engineered to mimic natural biological signaling molecules that regulate tissue remodeling and follicular health.
Scientific Formation & Structure
The formation of AHK-Cu involves the precise coordination of a divalent copper cation ($Cu^{2+}$) with the nitrogen atoms of the peptide backbone and the imidazole side chain of the Histidine residue.
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The Peptide Backbone: Consists of three amino acids linked via peptide bonds:
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Alanine: Provides the N-terminal anchor.
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Histidine: The critical “binding pocket” where the imidazole ring stabilizes the copper ion.
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Lysine: The C-terminal residue that enhances the molecule’s solubility and interaction with cellular membranes.
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Chelation Chemistry: The $Cu^{2+}$ ion is not merely mixed; it is “trapped” in a stable heterocyclic ring structure (chelate). This prevents the copper from reacting prematurely with other elements, ensuring it reaches the target cellular receptors intact.
Mechanism of Action (MOA)
In a laboratory environment, AHK-Cu demonstrates a multi-pathway influence on cellular behavior:
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Dermal Papilla Stimulation: Research indicates that AHK-Cu significantly increases the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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ECM Regulation: It modulates the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), which are the primary regulators of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) integrity.
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Antioxidant Support: By providing bioavailable copper, the complex supports the function of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), a vital enzyme for neutralizing oxidative stress in tissue samples.
Technical Specifications
| Property | Data |
| IUPAC Name | Copper; (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoate |
| Molecular Weight | $340.38 \text{ g/mol}$ (ligand) |
| Purity Grade | $>98\%$ (HPLC/MS Verified) |
| Physical Form | Lyophilized blue crystalline powder |
| Storage | Store at $-20^{\circ}\text{C}$ for long-term stability |
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